The European grapevine moth is one of the most pertinent viticulture pests. In recent years, the moth extended to NewWorld countries, some of which started eradication programs.We used a dataset for Mendoza and a county-fixed effects regression model to estimate the impact of the moth on grape production across the province’s counties. Our results suggest that the moth led to a decrease of up to 8% of Mendoza’s grape production; however, this may have been worse without strong eradication efforts. We conclude that moth eradication programs may be economically justified in Argentina, and perhaps in other countries.